Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts
Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts ISSN (Print): 2788-5917 ISSN (Online): 2788-5925 The Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts (BJIT) is an interdisciplinary bilingual (English and Bangla) journal published by Bangladesh Institute of Islamic Thought (BIIT). BJIT publishes two issues per year (January – June and July – December) and receives articles all the year-round. All submitted manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by the Executive Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous expert referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online via BJIT Online Submission System.
Bangladesh Institute of Islamic Thought (BIIT)
Autorska prava (c) 2026 Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts
বাংলাদেশে কল্যাণমূলক অর্থনীতির উন্নয়নে ক্যাশ ওয়াফের ভূমিকা : নির্বাচিত মুসলিম দেশের অভিজ্ঞতা (Exploring the Prospective Role of Cash Waqf in the Promoting of Welfare Economics in Bangladesh: Lessons from Selected Muslim Countries)
Cash Waqf, a contemporary adaptation of the traditional Islamic endowment system, has emerged as a powerful instrument for fostering economic development and social welfare in Muslim societies. This study examines the potential of Cash Waqf to enhance welfare economics in Bangladesh by drawing insights from successful models in Turkiye, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Using a qualitative research approach, the study analyzes how effective implementation of Cash Waqf—through strong institutional frameworks, supportive legal systems, and transparent governance—can contribute to equitable wealth distribution, poverty alleviation, reduced government expenditure, and overall economic resilience. The findings highlight the need for innovative strategies and institutional reforms to adapt Cash Waqf practices effectively within the Bangladeshi context, ultimately recommending a sustainable model that integrates Islamic financial principles with contemporary development goals.
Autorska prava (c) 2025 Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts
A Critical Examination of the Moral Crisis in Western Political Science from Antiquity to Post-Behavioralism
This article examines the moral and epistemological crisis of modern Western political science by tracing its historical development from classical Greek thought to post-behavioralist critique. Drawing on a historical–intellectual methodology complemented by critical comparative political theory, the study reconstructs the classical conception of politics as an ethical enterprise oriented toward justice (dikaiosynē), virtue, and human flourishing (eudaimonia). It then identifies successive epistemic ruptures, including Machiavellian realism, Enlightenment materialism, Social Darwinism, Marxist determinism, and twentieth-century behavioralism, that progressively detached political inquiry from moral philosophy. The findings demonstrate that the positivist commitment to value-neutrality did not eliminate normativity but instead institutionalized a concealed moral deficit, privileging stability, efficiency, and power over justice and the common good. By engaging post-behavioral critiques and comparative, non-Eurocentric epistemologies, the article argues that the crisis of Western political science is fundamentally ontological rather than merely methodological. It concludes that revitalizing the discipline requires reintegrating ethical reasoning, metaphysical commitments, and comparative moral traditions into political analysis and pedagogy.
Unveiling Research Trends in Transformational Leadership and Competency: A Bibliometric Reflection (1986–2025)
This review paper presents a bibliometric analysis of transformational leadership and competency literature from the year of 1986 to June 2025, analyzing 869 articles from the Scopus indexed databases to identify publication trends, influential authors, countries, contributors, and research themes. Using VOS viewer software, this study examines article titles, co-occurrence keyword analysis, trendy topics, and co-authorship citation networks. The United States, Concordia University, and Sustainability (Switzerland) emerged as leading countries, institutions, and journals, respectively. Keyword analysis revealed themes including digital leadership, digital competence, knowledge sharing, innovation, and sustainability, while highlighting emerging topics such as transformational leadership's impact on teacher knowledge sharing and organizational resilience. Co-authorship analysis revealed the strong international collaboration with the United States, China, and Malaysia as key network nodes. The study emphasizes the dynamic nature of transformational leadership competencies and suggests future research directions in innovative leadership practices, knowledge management integration, and leadership's role in employee innovation and sustainability. These findings provide insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers and offer guidance for future research endeavours.
Religious Festivals of Muslims in Bangladesh: an Overview
Bangladesh is the fifth largest Muslim population in the world. It’s a moderate country where Muslims live peacefully. Most Muslims in Bangladesh identify with the Sunni Sect. Islam plays a significant role in the personal and political lives of the vast majority of the Bangladeshi population. It’s an amazing combination of beautiful cultures and religions. Here everyone enjoys cultural events together. So people of different communities live here in peace and harmony. They are always on good terms. They never interfere in the activities of the people of other communities. People of different communities have their own ways of living. They have different celebration peacefully without being hindered by any other religious communities. There are many holidays and festivals celebrated annually in Bangladeshi Muslims. Islamic festivals are observed in befitting manners and with due solemnity. As Bangladeshi, we all need to know about Muslim Religious events and festivals in Bangladesh. So In this Article trying to be presented Religious Festivals of Muslims in Bangladesh for the purpose of Muslim Festivals foster religious harmony and unity among the peope of Bangladesh
The Decline and Fall of the Modern Civilization: Is the Collapse Inevitable?
Capital Structure and Gender Diversity: Drivers of Economic Resilience in European Firms
This study examines the influence of capital structure and gender diversity on a firm's financial performance across over 1,000 financial institutions in 41 European countries from 2000 to 2022. Using fixed effects regression models in a panel data framework, this study assesses the critical metrics of capital structure, including capital ratios, firm size, leverage, and debt-to-equity ratio, against the backdrop of significant economic events such as the Eurozone debt crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study revealed that capital ratios and firm size have a significant and positive impact on financial performance, while leverage has a significant negative influence. Furthermore, the gender diversity of the board does not significantly influence the financial performance in this dataset. The results contribute to the ongoing debate on corporate governance and financial stability by providing empirical evidence to inform policymakers and executives' decisions. Further investigations should examine sector-specific elements and governance methodologies to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of financial performance across various economic contexts.
Civilization and Adab as Foundations of Society in Ibn Khaldun’s Al-Muqaddimah
ইসলামে নারী-পুরুষের উত্তরাধিকার সমতার দাবি: একটি পর্যালোচনা
This article critically analyzes the ongoing debate surrounding inheritance rights for women in Islam, investigating claims of inequity and exploring the possibility of a deliberate campaign against Islamic inheritance law. The study addresses the persistent demands for equal inheritance rights, exemplified by recent recommendations from the Women's Affairs Reform Commission in Bangladesh. By examining the foundational principles of Islamic inheritance law and the rationale behind the seemingly differential shares for men and women, this article seeks to determine whether women are truly disadvantaged. Descriptive, analytical and comparative methods have been adopted to prepare the article. The study has been able to prove that although it seems that Islam has given the share of property to men and women in the ratio of 2:1, yet in terms of real earnings, one share of women is more than two shares of men. Therefore, it can be said, only Islam has ensured the real status and ownership of inheritance for women.
বিশ্বাসের দার্শনিকতা ও ইসমাইল রাজির আত তাওহিদ
আত্মসমর্পনের দ্বন্দ্ব: জেফরি ল্যাং এর মানসিক সফরের ধারাবিবরণ
এক্সপেরিমেন্টাল সাইন্স, কুরআনী জ্ঞানতত্ত্ব ও মুঈনুদ্দীন আহমদ খানের গবেষণা
বাঙ্গালী মুসলিমদের পুনর্জাগরণে হাজী শরীয়তুল্লাহ-এর অবদান: একটি পর্যালোচনা
The role of the Muslim leaders of this subcontinent in the social, economic, religious and political progress of the Indian subcontinent is immense and unparalleled.In particular, Haji Shariatullah's contribution and role in the reawakening of Bengali Muslims was important and prominent.But some historians and researchers have resorted to information gaps in presenting the timeless ideals and contributions of Haji Shariatullah. The Faraji movement founded and led by him was continued by Jaban as an anti-Hindu and anti-English movement. Many more such misleading information has been spread. Which is given wrong information about Haji Shariatullah.Therefore, the help of various research papers and reliable books has been taken in mentioning the real contribution of Haji Shariatullah in this article. Information regarding his career and contributions has been verified and written. He and his companions were subjected to various tortures including imprisonment for propagating the true teachings of the Holy Quran and Hadith, nurturing and organizing the vast masses of Bengal as an independent nation.The seeds of religious, political rights and independence of Bengali Muslims which he sowed in the course of time transformed into Bengal's freedom and rights and national liberation movement.However, in writing this article, an attempt has been made to present correct information about the social reformer Haji Shariatullah from the writings of various scholars.The purpose of writing this article is to present the real truth by mentioning the real history of Haji Shariatullah and highlighting his real role and contribution to the new generation. So that in the future, Haji Shariatullah's glorious information and data will be revealed and blossomed like daylight to the public at all levels, and the darkness will disappear and the formation of a new enlightened society and nation will be possible-successful and profitable.Ethnically we can be more conscious and aware of our lost golden past, history and traditions. Then this small effort of mine will be successful and beneficial, inshallah
Harmonizing Knowledge for Innovation: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Technology and Business Integration"
Bangladesh is the 7th most vulnerable country regarding climate risk index in the world, though it’s minimal contribution to the problem. This study aims to examine a multidisciplinary approach to technology and business integration regarding green banking initiatives taken by the central bank of Bangladesh. This study finds only 30 banks out of 61 had exposure to green finance where NCC Bank PLC were seen in the top position accounting for 51.91% followed by Rupali bank PLC 45.21%, Pubali Bank PLC 44.88% and Mercantile Bank PLC stood last at 5.03%. On the other hand, 31 banks had exposure to sustainable finance where BRAC Bank was seen in the top position at 93.81% next to Pubali bank PLC at 93.19%, City Bank PLC at 92.05% and The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd. stood last at 21.57%. The study also finds the total target achieved by commercial banks was 9.09% in green finance and 27.24% in sustainable finance and it is a milestone to achieve SDGs-2030. This entire study is conducted on the basis of secondary data collected from Bangladesh bank sustainable finance department, related published articles, annual reports, national and international daily papers etc. This paper reflects an assessment of the efforts made by commercial banks addressing people, planet and profit using modern technology.
ইজতিহাদ ইসলামী আইনশাস্ত্রের একটি মৌলিক স্তম্ভঃ একটি ফিকহি বিশ্লেষণ (Ijtihad is one of the Fundamental Pillars of Islamic Jurisprudence: A Jurisprudential Analysis)
Ijtihad is one of the fundamental pillars of Islamic jurisprudence, representing the process of independent reasoning exercised by Islamic jurists. It plays a vital role in the development of Islamic legal thought and in addressing complex contemporary issues. While the Qur’an, Hadith, Ijma (consensus), and Qiyas (analogical reasoning) are the primary sources of Islamic law, the continued relevance of Shari’ah in changing contexts necessitates the ongoing practice of Ijtihad. This study analyzes the historical significance of Ijtihad, the concept of the "closure of the gates of Ijtihad," and the need for its revival in modern times. It further explores how a dynamic practice of Ijtihad can harmonize Islamic values with advancements in science, technology, and global culture, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of Islamic law in meeting the needs of future generations.
Research Methodology with a Special Reference to Hadith Compendia
Research signifies thorough investigation of the subject concerned with a view to developing new ideas or formulating new interpretation of the existing idea/s. In the field of Islamic Studies, Hadith sources, such as the six or nine canonical compilations, other categories of Hadith collections, and Hadith commentaries, among others, are surveyed to prove or disprove one thing or another. In most cases, only the reports from the purportedly authentic Hadith compendia are borrowed and quoted without subjecting them to critical analysis. In such borrowings of Hadith reports what is relied upon is the highly revered names of scholars of Hadith, such as al-Bukhari, Muslim, al-Tirmidhi, Abu Da’ud, Anas ibn Malik, Ahmad ibn Hanbal etc. These Hadith scholars are known for having authenticated Hadith reports before they recorded them in their respective Hadith collections. All the Hadith books seem to have been based on chain of narrators, hardly giving any consideration to the nature the narrated reports. Hadith reports still need serious process of authentication from the angle of Hadith-texts. For that matter, Hadith reports, irrespective of their sources, must be checked against several criteria, the Qur’an, highly authentic practices of the Prophet (s.a.w.), human reasoning, most reliable historical accounts, and moderation. The methodology applied in the paper is critical analysis. The conclusion reached in the paper is that despite the well-known authenticity of Hadith sources the borrowed reports therefrom entail further authentication from the angle of the texts of reports.
Islamic Stewardship and Global Climate Action: Examining the Role of OPEC+ Post-Paris Agreement
This article explores the intersection of Islamic law and global climate strategies, focusing on the influence of OPEC+ member nations on Bangladesh in the post-Paris Agreement era. It demonstrates how the Islamic legal frameworks of OPEC+ countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Iran, can be aligned with global climate accords to create policies that are both culturally relevant and ethically sound. The research highlights the diverse interpretations of environmental stewardship within Islamic legal traditions and how this diversity can contribute to shaping international climate governance. For Bangladesh, a predominantly Muslim country facing significant environmental challenges, there are valuable lessons to be learned from the practices of OPEC+ members in integrating Islamic principles with climate initiatives. The article offers actionable recommendations for Bangladesh, including the incorporation of Masaalih Mursalah (public interest), the alignment of legal structures with the principle of Tawhid (the oneness of God), and the establishment of a National Islamic Environmental Council. By adopting these approaches, Bangladesh can enhance the effectiveness and cultural relevance of its climate efforts, contributing to a more just and sustainable global climate policy framework.
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh: An ARDL Approach
This investigation delineates the complex interplay between fiscal deficits and economic growth in Bangladesh from 1980 to 2022, utilizing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. It meticulously assesses how foreign direct investment, fiscal disparities, and economic openness influence GDP per capita. The analysis reveals that fiscal deficits may stimulate economic activity in the short term under certain conditions; however, over an extended period, they are likely to increase borrowing costs and reduce private sector investment. This bifurcated impact underscores the intricate role of fiscal policies within economic dynamics. The study proposes a strategy to capitalize on the short-term benefits of fiscal deficits while maintaining long-term budgetary integrity. The primary limitations involve reliance on historical data and the ARDL model's inability to encompass all economic interactions, suggesting that subsequent research could adopt more advanced methodologies or contemporary data sets. This study contributes to our understanding of the conditional effects of fiscal policies in developing nations, such as Bangladesh. It offers policy recommendations to optimize economic outcomes derived from budgetary deficits.
An Evaluation of Mutual Fund Performance in an Emerging Economy: Evidence from Bangladesh
This study evaluates the relative performance of mutual funds listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) over a ten-year period, from July 2014 to June 2024. Utilizing secondary data, the research examines 21 actively traded closed-end mutual funds, focusing on their risk-adjusted performance metrics. Key measures, including the Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Jensen's Alpha, and Fama’s decomposition model, are employed to assess fund effectiveness relative to market benchmarks, specifically the DSEX index. Findings indicate that a significant portion of the mutual funds underperformed based on annualized return on the benchmark, with only a few demonstrating superior risk-adjusted returns. Most funds exhibited a moderate relationship (R² ranging from 20%-40%), suggesting that their returns were not heavily dependent on systematic risk (βp). This indicates that managers were assuming a certain level of diversifiable (unsystematic) risk. The analysis further reveals that fund managers' selectivity and diversification strategies play critical roles in value creation. All funds exhibited negative values, indicating a deficiency in selectivity among fund managers. It also comes to the conclusion that, in terms of risk and return model performance, mutual funds in Bangladesh have a stronger overall position than the benchmark index during the course of the study period. The findings of this study will be useful for all kinds of investors, policy makers, corporations and financial market participants. Therefore, this study aspires to offer practical utility by serving as a reference point for prospective investors, furnishing valuable insights to aid in informed decision-making within the dynamic landscape of the stock market. Keywords: Mutual Fund, Risk-Return Analysis, Unsystematic Risk, Systematic Risk, CAPM, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Jensen ratio, R-squared, Fama Decomposition Model.
Economic Freedom on Economic Growth: A Cross Sectional Analysis
The study, for the first time, empirically investigates the impact of economic freedom on economic growth during 2015 by adopting a modified version of the overall Index of Economic Freedom (IEF) computed by the Heritage Foundation. In this study, GDP per capita and the instruments of economic freedom are used as variables. The analysis first focused upon the indicators of economic freedom and then estimated them, because the impact of economic freedom on economic growth depends upon the measures used. The empirical result shows that business freedom, financial freedom, government integration, tax burden, and trade freedom positively influence economic growth. However, government spending, investment freedom and monetary freedom have shown a negative impact on the dependent variable. On the other hand, property rights, monetary freedom, and labor freedom do not contribute to economic growth.
যুগে যুগে সংকলিত হাদীস গ্রন্থসমূহ: একটি ধারাক্রম পর্যালোচনা
Sayings, actions and silent consent of Prophet Muhmmad (sm.) is called Hadith. So, the source of Hadith is Prophet Himself. The compilation and preservation of Hadith begun/started/initiated from the age of Prophet Muhammad (sm.). This compilation of Hadith completed gradually during long times. It seems that the compilation of Hadith completed by the compilation of all the hadith of Prophet Muhammad (sm.) in form of book from 2nd part of Hijri theird century to the end of 5th centuries. A group of sahabi, tabiyee, tabe-tabyee and prominent earlier hadith specilist who were dedicated in aquiring knowledge of Hadith and desciminating it to others, they specially contributed in the compilation of hadith. Along with memorisation of hadith, all these personalities recorded hadith in writeen form. Therefore, from the initial stage of compilation of hadith to its end, a lot of muniscripts or books of hadith had been compiled. These books are mainly preserver and bearer of all the hadith of Prophet Muhammad (sm.). Islamic scholars and hadith specialist believe that there is no any new hadith out of these books. But, lot of hadith compiled in in the books of tarikh (history), sirat (biography of Prophet sm.) and tafseer (explanation of Holy Qur’an). After final stage of the compilation of hadith to todays, the specialist of hadith who compiled hadith with different views like compilation of hadith in terms of recognizing sahih or dhaeef hadith or subject based hadith compilation etc. they mainly depended on the books of hadith which compiled during 5th centuries in collecting of hadith. So, if any reader or researcher of hadith want to know the main source of any hadith, he must look at these basic books of hadith. So, the books of hadith had compiled during 5th centuries are very important and unvaluble asset to the Muslim ummah. Because, these are the main books in preserving hadith and knowledge of hadith. Because of this, it is needed for every reader and researcher of hadith to know the sequence, identity and standerd of these books so that they can know easily the standerd of hadith. In this article, I will make an effort to discuss a brief history of the compilation of hadith and the sequence, identity, standered of the hadith books whice were compiled and written from the age of Prophet Muhammad (Sm.) to the 5th century of hijri year. I also expound the importance of preservation, studying and continution of studying of these hadith books and finally focus on the necessity of research and compilition of hadith from the different views in present and days to come.
Impact of The Islamic Banks’ Performances on Economic Growth of Bangladesh_ Panel Data Analysis
The research investigates the impact of Islamic banks' performance on Bangladesh's economic growth by analyzing panel data from selected banks between 2010 and 2019. A quantitative approach was used, focusing on financial ratio analysis (FRA) due to the secondary nature of the data. The study employed various methods such as Covariance Analysis, Unit Root tests, ARDL tests, and Granger Causality Analysis to evaluate the data from five Islamic banks selected as samples. The findings show a positive and significant impact on economic growth during this period, with a notable increase in profitability within the banking sector over the last decade. The research indicates that financial performance indicators play a crucial role in influencing economic growth. Therefore, policymakers should pay attention to the factors that affect financial performance and prioritize strategies that support rapid economic growth through effective risk management. This study offers valuable insights into the financial performance of Islamic banks, highlighting the significance of profitability in their roles within the broader economic system.
নারীর মর্যাদা প্রতিষ্ঠায় ইসলাম ও পাশ্চাত্য সভ্যতা: একটি তুলনামূলক বিশ্লেষণ
Studies This is an article with the topic “Comparative analysis of the dignity of woman in Islamic and western civilization” Muslim women’s role and dignity is highlighted in this topic through Quranic guidance and Ahadees of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W), and through the status of woman in the pre-Islam era is also highlighted. Besides this, it reflects different rights and duties of woman. In this article comparative analysis of both the Islamic and Western civilizations is highlighted. At the end after deducting result from the discussions conclusion is presented. Before Islam the woman was treated as wretched element of the society and thrown in the darkness of ignorance. She was hopeless and cannot hope for her evolution. The Islam raised awareness and protested against this cruel attitude and taught that the whole life revolves around both man & woman. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) provide guidance and teachings regarding the most ignored gender (the woman) as no champion of woman’s rights can promote this cause and with such zeal and zest. The woman is respectable either she is in western or Islamic civilization. The women should be respected everywhere. If we analyse the western civilization, we will come to know the reason of accepting Islam by woman is that the Islam suggests separate domains for man and woman. For this particular reason western ladies are accepting Islam and the logic behind this is that the Islam is the religion of nature, it is complete code of life and it is the only religion which addresses the nature of woman and it protects her rights and respect. Islam gave her a status which she cannot imagine.
Role of Employee Engagement on HRM Practices and Performance Relationship Assessment through PLS-SEM Path Model
Revisiting Bank Stability: Data Analysis from Four Regions of the Globe
This study aims to critically examine the existing literature on sustainable investments while also measuring the socially responsible investment (SRI) intentions of investors in Malaysia. In an era where sustainability is increasingly at the forefront of investment strategies, understanding the motivations and beliefs of investors is crucial. The study will employ survey data to gather comprehensive information from over 300 Malaysian investors across various demographic categories. This approach will allow for an in-depth analysis of their thought processes and beliefs regarding the short-term and long-term performance of socially responsible investments. Furthermore, this research will investigate the future investment intentions of these individuals, offering insights into their willingness to allocate more resources toward SRIs. By identifying the factors that influence SRI decision-making, the findings of this study will not only contribute to the academic discourse surrounding sustainable finance but will also provide meaningful insights for stakeholders, including financial institutions and policymakers. Ultimately, this research aims to enhance understanding of the SRI landscape in Malaysia, assisting stakeholders in making better-informed financial and investment decisions that align with social responsibility and sustainability goals.
Outcome-based Learning and Graduate Employability:The Case of Bangladesh
There is a growing body of literature exists on outcome-based learning and students’ employability. It is evident that the higher education policy fails to meet the requirement of rapidly changing society and employers’ expectation worldwide, resulting in a great gap between university education and employment. This study examines the outcome-based learning and graduate employability for identifying the existent body of literature and proposes future research agenda. This study aims to explore the relationship among students’ international mindsets, learning outcomes, students’ performance and student employability among Bangladesh Open University postgraduate (CEMBA/CEMPA/MBA/PMBA programs) students. The findings of this study illustrate that in the conceptual motivation for the argument of creating employability among the university students through student engagement and learning outcomes. Student engagement can also impact on the employability. However, according to the proposed conceptual model, learning outcomes of students can contribute to the core objective of university education, which is employability with mediating impact.
Religion and Politics with Special Reference to Islam
Politics in general refers to the procedure by which a society chooses its decision-making leaders. The leadership performs functions to achieve the collective welfare of the people of the society and plays an important role in solving the problems that arise. There is a debate about the role of religion in this process of society. Will religion be limited to the relationship between man and his creator or will religion also play a role in the political process of society and state? The middle Ages especially saw the exercise of extreme power by the Church. There was a conflict between the church and the rulers for a long time. The boundaries between church and state's authority were established at some point. The Church was recognized as the most authoritative institution in religious matters. Church's role in state or social activities was denied. By this means power is essentially divided between the Church and the King. By blaming religion as a whole, an ideology was created in favor of keeping religion out of political activities. Ideally, Secularism does not allow religion in any involvement of state affairs.Islam is a religion. But it is a complete way of life. Therefore, it is natural that Islam will have a role and involvement in the one of important aspect of human life i.e. political activities. In this article, an effort has been made to discuss the subject from the perspectives of Quran, hadith and Islamic history. Reviewing the Qur'an, Hadith, and historical evidence it reveals that Islam has made a strong statement regarding politics, a crucial aspect of human life. The relationship between Islam and politics is inseparable. Politics is not a separate issue in Islam. Politics is a fundamental aspect of the Islamic way of life.
Autorska prava (c) 2024 Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts
Bangladeshi Young Children’s Smartphone Use: Status and Parents’ Awareness
Nowadays the tendency for smartphone use among children is noticeable and day by day this tendency is increasing at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to explore the status of Bangladeshi young children’s smartphone use and parents’ awareness of young children’s smartphone uses in terms of the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) guidelines. The study employed a mixed-methods research approach and adopted purposive sampling. The data were collected through an online mixed questionnaire from 83 parents who owned smartphones and whose children were between 0 and 5 years old. The findings show that 44% of children spent more than 1 hour on the smartphone screen which is higher than the screen time recommended by the AAP guidelines. It was found that 65% parents gave their children smartphones to entertain them, while 62.3% for learning purposes, 42.9% for keeping their children calm, 37.7% for feeding their children, and 23.4% for keeping their children busy during their work. It is noteworthy that 78% parents found different kinds of developmental problems in their children, while the rest 22% found no negative effects on their children. The study reveals a significant gap in parental awareness and knowledge regarding the AAP guidelines on children’s screen use. The results show that 75.6% of parents did not know about the guidelines for children’s screen use recommended by the AAP. Although they did not know the recommended guidelines, 81.1% of the parents had taken various steps to control their children’s excessive smartphone usage and the steps were effective in reducing children’s excessive smartphone use. As most of the parents were found unaware of the AAP guidelines for screen use, there is a need for increasing proper awareness among parents to mitigate the negative effects of children’s smartphone use.
The Economic Contributions of the USA to Bangladesh: AnEvaluation of Bilateral Relations Over 50 Years
This study evaluates the bilateral relations between the USA and Bangladesh over the past 50 years, focusing on the USA’s economic, humanitarian, and geopolitical contributions. The study utilizes secondary data and descriptive analysis, supported by quantitative research, to offer a comprehensive overview of this bilateral relationship. The USA has significantly influenced Bangladesh’s economic development through foreign aid, FDI, and trade. It has also provided critical support during natural disasters and crises, including $6 billion in assistance since Bangladesh’s independence. The importance of strong bilateral relations, particularly with global powers like the USA, cannot be overstated for sustaining Bangladesh’s economic growth. This research fills a gap in the literature by thoroughly examining the USA’s role in Bangladesh’s economic development. The study is descriptive; future research could benefit from quantitative modelling.
Drivers of socially responsible investment in Malaysia: An extended theory of planned behaviour perspective
This research examines the drivers that navigate investors towards investing in socially responsible investments (SRI) in Malaysia, focusing on their objectives and processes of making decisions. In investing, investors more than often face challenges in combining the potential for financial gains and the ethical aspects associated with SRI, which can mainly relate to the perceived risk of lack of performance and awareness of available SRI solutions. Considering Malaysia’s current economic and regulatory environment which is characterised by an increasing interest in environmental sustainability and Islamic finance principles, this study is motivated to examine whether Malaysian investors are driven towards SRI and the factors that influence this investment behaviour. A survey-based approach was utilized to collect data from approximately 202 investors in Malaysia, assuring a varied representation of various demographics. Using Google forms, the data was collected from various investor portals, for instance, the Facebook Investor Club, allowing for a thorough examination of SRI intentions and the factors that affect it. To analyze the data and measure the relationships between the constructs in the model, the IBM SPSS Statistics software and the Smart partial least squares-structural equation modelling was deployed. The findings show that moral norms, environmental concerns, and financial knowledge meaningfully clarify investors intention towards SRI, while attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and perceived performance failed to explain this intention. These findings have important implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and other stakeholders working to promote sustainable investment practices in Malaysia.