Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts
Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts ISSN (Print): 2788-5917 ISSN (Online): 2788-5925 The Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts (BJIT) is an interdisciplinary bilingual (English and Bangla) journal published by Bangladesh Institute of Islamic Thought (BIIT). BJIT publishes two issues per year (January – June and July – December) and receives articles all the year-round. All submitted manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by the Executive Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous expert referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online via BJIT Online Submission System.
Bangladesh Institute of Islamic Thought (BIIT)
The Decline and Fall of the Modern Civilization: Is the Collapse Inevitable?
Copyright (c) 2025 Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts
Capital Structure and Gender Diversity: Drivers of Economic Resilience in European Firms
This study examines the influence of capital structure and gender diversity on a firm's financial performance across over 1,000 financial institutions in 41 European countries from 2000 to 2022. Using fixed effects regression models in a panel data framework, this study assesses the critical metrics of capital structure, including capital ratios, firm size, leverage, and debt-to-equity ratio, against the backdrop of significant economic events such as the Eurozone debt crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study revealed that capital ratios and firm size have a significant and positive impact on financial performance, while leverage has a significant negative influence. Furthermore, the gender diversity of the board does not significantly influence the financial performance in this dataset. The results contribute to the ongoing debate on corporate governance and financial stability by providing empirical evidence to inform policymakers and executives' decisions. Further investigations should examine sector-specific elements and governance methodologies to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of financial performance across various economic contexts.
Civilization and Adab as Foundations of Society in Ibn Khaldun’s Al-Muqaddimah
বিশ্বাসের দার্শনিকতা ও ইসমাইল রাজির আত তাওহিদ
আত্মসমর্পনের দ্বন্দ্ব: জেফরি ল্যাং এর মানসিক সফরের ধারাবিবরণ
ইজতিহাদ ইসলামী আইনশাস্ত্রের একটি মৌলিক স্তম্ভঃ একটি ফিকহি বিশ্লেষণ (Ijtihad is one of the Fundamental Pillars of Islamic Jurisprudence: A Jurisprudential Analysis)
Ijtihad is one of the fundamental pillars of Islamic jurisprudence, representing the process of independent reasoning exercised by Islamic jurists. It plays a vital role in the development of Islamic legal thought and in addressing complex contemporary issues. While the Qur’an, Hadith, Ijma (consensus), and Qiyas (analogical reasoning) are the primary sources of Islamic law, the continued relevance of Shari’ah in changing contexts necessitates the ongoing practice of Ijtihad. This study analyzes the historical significance of Ijtihad, the concept of the "closure of the gates of Ijtihad," and the need for its revival in modern times. It further explores how a dynamic practice of Ijtihad can harmonize Islamic values with advancements in science, technology, and global culture, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of Islamic law in meeting the needs of future generations.
Research Methodology with a Special Reference to Hadith Compendia
Research signifies thorough investigation of the subject concerned with a view to developing new ideas or formulating new interpretation of the existing idea/s. In the field of Islamic Studies, Hadith sources, such as the six or nine canonical compilations, other categories of Hadith collections, and Hadith commentaries, among others, are surveyed to prove or disprove one thing or another. In most cases, only the reports from the purportedly authentic Hadith compendia are borrowed and quoted without subjecting them to critical analysis. In such borrowings of Hadith reports what is relied upon is the highly revered names of scholars of Hadith, such as al-Bukhari, Muslim, al-Tirmidhi, Abu Da’ud, Anas ibn Malik, Ahmad ibn Hanbal etc. These Hadith scholars are known for having authenticated Hadith reports before they recorded them in their respective Hadith collections. All the Hadith books seem to have been based on chain of narrators, hardly giving any consideration to the nature the narrated reports. Hadith reports still need serious process of authentication from the angle of Hadith-texts. For that matter, Hadith reports, irrespective of their sources, must be checked against several criteria, the Qur’an, highly authentic practices of the Prophet (s.a.w.), human reasoning, most reliable historical accounts, and moderation. The methodology applied in the paper is critical analysis. The conclusion reached in the paper is that despite the well-known authenticity of Hadith sources the borrowed reports therefrom entail further authentication from the angle of the texts of reports.
Islamic Stewardship and Global Climate Action: Examining the Role of OPEC+ Post-Paris Agreement
This article explores the intersection of Islamic law and global climate strategies, focusing on the influence of OPEC+ member nations on Bangladesh in the post-Paris Agreement era. It demonstrates how the Islamic legal frameworks of OPEC+ countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Iran, can be aligned with global climate accords to create policies that are both culturally relevant and ethically sound. The research highlights the diverse interpretations of environmental stewardship within Islamic legal traditions and how this diversity can contribute to shaping international climate governance. For Bangladesh, a predominantly Muslim country facing significant environmental challenges, there are valuable lessons to be learned from the practices of OPEC+ members in integrating Islamic principles with climate initiatives. The article offers actionable recommendations for Bangladesh, including the incorporation of Masaalih Mursalah (public interest), the alignment of legal structures with the principle of Tawhid (the oneness of God), and the establishment of a National Islamic Environmental Council. By adopting these approaches, Bangladesh can enhance the effectiveness and cultural relevance of its climate efforts, contributing to a more just and sustainable global climate policy framework.
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh: An ARDL Approach
This investigation delineates the complex interplay between fiscal deficits and economic growth in Bangladesh from 1980 to 2022, utilizing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. It meticulously assesses how foreign direct investment, fiscal disparities, and economic openness influence GDP per capita. The analysis reveals that fiscal deficits may stimulate economic activity in the short term under certain conditions; however, over an extended period, they are likely to increase borrowing costs and reduce private sector investment. This bifurcated impact underscores the intricate role of fiscal policies within economic dynamics. The study proposes a strategy to capitalize on the short-term benefits of fiscal deficits while maintaining long-term budgetary integrity. The primary limitations involve reliance on historical data and the ARDL model's inability to encompass all economic interactions, suggesting that subsequent research could adopt more advanced methodologies or contemporary data sets. This study contributes to our understanding of the conditional effects of fiscal policies in developing nations, such as Bangladesh. It offers policy recommendations to optimize economic outcomes derived from budgetary deficits.
Economic Freedom on Economic Growth: A Cross Sectional Analysis
The study, for the first time, empirically investigates the impact of economic freedom on economic growth during 2015 by adopting a modified version of the overall Index of Economic Freedom (IEF) computed by the Heritage Foundation. In this study, GDP per capita and the instruments of economic freedom are used as variables. The analysis first focused upon the indicators of economic freedom and then estimated them, because the impact of economic freedom on economic growth depends upon the measures used. The empirical result shows that business freedom, financial freedom, government integration, tax burden, and trade freedom positively influence economic growth. However, government spending, investment freedom and monetary freedom have shown a negative impact on the dependent variable. On the other hand, property rights, monetary freedom, and labor freedom do not contribute to economic growth.
যুগে যুগে সংকলিত হাদীস গ্রন্থসমূহ: একটি ধারাক্রম পর্যালোচনা
Sayings, actions and silent consent of Prophet Muhmmad (sm.) is called Hadith. So, the source of Hadith is Prophet Himself. The compilation and preservation of Hadith begun/started/initiated from the age of Prophet Muhammad (sm.). This compilation of Hadith completed gradually during long times. It seems that the compilation of Hadith completed by the compilation of all the hadith of Prophet Muhammad (sm.) in form of book from 2nd part of Hijri theird century to the end of 5th centuries. A group of sahabi, tabiyee, tabe-tabyee and prominent earlier hadith specilist who were dedicated in aquiring knowledge of Hadith and desciminating it to others, they specially contributed in the compilation of hadith. Along with memorisation of hadith, all these personalities recorded hadith in writeen form. Therefore, from the initial stage of compilation of hadith to its end, a lot of muniscripts or books of hadith had been compiled. These books are mainly preserver and bearer of all the hadith of Prophet Muhammad (sm.). Islamic scholars and hadith specialist believe that there is no any new hadith out of these books. But, lot of hadith compiled in in the books of tarikh (history), sirat (biography of Prophet sm.) and tafseer (explanation of Holy Qur’an). After final stage of the compilation of hadith to todays, the specialist of hadith who compiled hadith with different views like compilation of hadith in terms of recognizing sahih or dhaeef hadith or subject based hadith compilation etc. they mainly depended on the books of hadith which compiled during 5th centuries in collecting of hadith. So, if any reader or researcher of hadith want to know the main source of any hadith, he must look at these basic books of hadith. So, the books of hadith had compiled during 5th centuries are very important and unvaluble asset to the Muslim ummah. Because, these are the main books in preserving hadith and knowledge of hadith. Because of this, it is needed for every reader and researcher of hadith to know the sequence, identity and standerd of these books so that they can know easily the standerd of hadith. In this article, I will make an effort to discuss a brief history of the compilation of hadith and the sequence, identity, standered of the hadith books whice were compiled and written from the age of Prophet Muhammad (Sm.) to the 5th century of hijri year. I also expound the importance of preservation, studying and continution of studying of these hadith books and finally focus on the necessity of research and compilition of hadith from the different views in present and days to come.
Impact of The Islamic Banks’ Performances on Economic Growth of Bangladesh_ Panel Data Analysis
The research investigates the impact of Islamic banks' performance on Bangladesh's economic growth by analyzing panel data from selected banks between 2010 and 2019. A quantitative approach was used, focusing on financial ratio analysis (FRA) due to the secondary nature of the data. The study employed various methods such as Covariance Analysis, Unit Root tests, ARDL tests, and Granger Causality Analysis to evaluate the data from five Islamic banks selected as samples. The findings show a positive and significant impact on economic growth during this period, with a notable increase in profitability within the banking sector over the last decade. The research indicates that financial performance indicators play a crucial role in influencing economic growth. Therefore, policymakers should pay attention to the factors that affect financial performance and prioritize strategies that support rapid economic growth through effective risk management. This study offers valuable insights into the financial performance of Islamic banks, highlighting the significance of profitability in their roles within the broader economic system.
নারীর মর্যাদা প্রতিষ্ঠায় ইসলাম ও পাশ্চাত্য সভ্যতা: একটি তুলনামূলক বিশ্লেষণ
Studies This is an article with the topic “Comparative analysis of the dignity of woman in Islamic and western civilization” Muslim women’s role and dignity is highlighted in this topic through Quranic guidance and Ahadees of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W), and through the status of woman in the pre-Islam era is also highlighted. Besides this, it reflects different rights and duties of woman. In this article comparative analysis of both the Islamic and Western civilizations is highlighted. At the end after deducting result from the discussions conclusion is presented. Before Islam the woman was treated as wretched element of the society and thrown in the darkness of ignorance. She was hopeless and cannot hope for her evolution. The Islam raised awareness and protested against this cruel attitude and taught that the whole life revolves around both man & woman. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) provide guidance and teachings regarding the most ignored gender (the woman) as no champion of woman’s rights can promote this cause and with such zeal and zest. The woman is respectable either she is in western or Islamic civilization. The women should be respected everywhere. If we analyse the western civilization, we will come to know the reason of accepting Islam by woman is that the Islam suggests separate domains for man and woman. For this particular reason western ladies are accepting Islam and the logic behind this is that the Islam is the religion of nature, it is complete code of life and it is the only religion which addresses the nature of woman and it protects her rights and respect. Islam gave her a status which she cannot imagine.
Role of Employee Engagement on HRM Practices and Performance Relationship Assessment through PLS-SEM Path Model
Revisiting Bank Stability: Data Analysis from Four Regions of the Globe
This study aims to critically examine the existing literature on sustainable investments while also measuring the socially responsible investment (SRI) intentions of investors in Malaysia. In an era where sustainability is increasingly at the forefront of investment strategies, understanding the motivations and beliefs of investors is crucial. The study will employ survey data to gather comprehensive information from over 300 Malaysian investors across various demographic categories. This approach will allow for an in-depth analysis of their thought processes and beliefs regarding the short-term and long-term performance of socially responsible investments. Furthermore, this research will investigate the future investment intentions of these individuals, offering insights into their willingness to allocate more resources toward SRIs. By identifying the factors that influence SRI decision-making, the findings of this study will not only contribute to the academic discourse surrounding sustainable finance but will also provide meaningful insights for stakeholders, including financial institutions and policymakers. Ultimately, this research aims to enhance understanding of the SRI landscape in Malaysia, assisting stakeholders in making better-informed financial and investment decisions that align with social responsibility and sustainability goals.
Outcome-based Learning and Graduate Employability:The Case of Bangladesh
There is a growing body of literature exists on outcome-based learning and students’ employability. It is evident that the higher education policy fails to meet the requirement of rapidly changing society and employers’ expectation worldwide, resulting in a great gap between university education and employment. This study examines the outcome-based learning and graduate employability for identifying the existent body of literature and proposes future research agenda. This study aims to explore the relationship among students’ international mindsets, learning outcomes, students’ performance and student employability among Bangladesh Open University postgraduate (CEMBA/CEMPA/MBA/PMBA programs) students. The findings of this study illustrate that in the conceptual motivation for the argument of creating employability among the university students through student engagement and learning outcomes. Student engagement can also impact on the employability. However, according to the proposed conceptual model, learning outcomes of students can contribute to the core objective of university education, which is employability with mediating impact.
Religion and Politics with Special Reference to Islam
Politics in general refers to the procedure by which a society chooses its decision-making leaders. The leadership performs functions to achieve the collective welfare of the people of the society and plays an important role in solving the problems that arise. There is a debate about the role of religion in this process of society. Will religion be limited to the relationship between man and his creator or will religion also play a role in the political process of society and state? The middle Ages especially saw the exercise of extreme power by the Church. There was a conflict between the church and the rulers for a long time. The boundaries between church and state's authority were established at some point. The Church was recognized as the most authoritative institution in religious matters. Church's role in state or social activities was denied. By this means power is essentially divided between the Church and the King. By blaming religion as a whole, an ideology was created in favor of keeping religion out of political activities. Ideally, Secularism does not allow religion in any involvement of state affairs.Islam is a religion. But it is a complete way of life. Therefore, it is natural that Islam will have a role and involvement in the one of important aspect of human life i.e. political activities. In this article, an effort has been made to discuss the subject from the perspectives of Quran, hadith and Islamic history. Reviewing the Qur'an, Hadith, and historical evidence it reveals that Islam has made a strong statement regarding politics, a crucial aspect of human life. The relationship between Islam and politics is inseparable. Politics is not a separate issue in Islam. Politics is a fundamental aspect of the Islamic way of life.
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Bangladeshi Young Children’s Smartphone Use: Status and Parents’ Awareness
Nowadays the tendency for smartphone use among children is noticeable and day by day this tendency is increasing at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to explore the status of Bangladeshi young children’s smartphone use and parents’ awareness of young children’s smartphone uses in terms of the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) guidelines. The study employed a mixed-methods research approach and adopted purposive sampling. The data were collected through an online mixed questionnaire from 83 parents who owned smartphones and whose children were between 0 and 5 years old. The findings show that 44% of children spent more than 1 hour on the smartphone screen which is higher than the screen time recommended by the AAP guidelines. It was found that 65% parents gave their children smartphones to entertain them, while 62.3% for learning purposes, 42.9% for keeping their children calm, 37.7% for feeding their children, and 23.4% for keeping their children busy during their work. It is noteworthy that 78% parents found different kinds of developmental problems in their children, while the rest 22% found no negative effects on their children. The study reveals a significant gap in parental awareness and knowledge regarding the AAP guidelines on children’s screen use. The results show that 75.6% of parents did not know about the guidelines for children’s screen use recommended by the AAP. Although they did not know the recommended guidelines, 81.1% of the parents had taken various steps to control their children’s excessive smartphone usage and the steps were effective in reducing children’s excessive smartphone use. As most of the parents were found unaware of the AAP guidelines for screen use, there is a need for increasing proper awareness among parents to mitigate the negative effects of children’s smartphone use.
The Economic Contributions of the USA to Bangladesh: AnEvaluation of Bilateral Relations Over 50 Years
This study evaluates the bilateral relations between the USA and Bangladesh over the past 50 years, focusing on the USA’s economic, humanitarian, and geopolitical contributions. The study utilizes secondary data and descriptive analysis, supported by quantitative research, to offer a comprehensive overview of this bilateral relationship. The USA has significantly influenced Bangladesh’s economic development through foreign aid, FDI, and trade. It has also provided critical support during natural disasters and crises, including $6 billion in assistance since Bangladesh’s independence. The importance of strong bilateral relations, particularly with global powers like the USA, cannot be overstated for sustaining Bangladesh’s economic growth. This research fills a gap in the literature by thoroughly examining the USA’s role in Bangladesh’s economic development. The study is descriptive; future research could benefit from quantitative modelling.
Drivers of socially responsible investment in Malaysia: An extended theory of planned behaviour perspective
This research examines the drivers that navigate investors towards investing in socially responsible investments (SRI) in Malaysia, focusing on their objectives and processes of making decisions. In investing, investors more than often face challenges in combining the potential for financial gains and the ethical aspects associated with SRI, which can mainly relate to the perceived risk of lack of performance and awareness of available SRI solutions. Considering Malaysia’s current economic and regulatory environment which is characterised by an increasing interest in environmental sustainability and Islamic finance principles, this study is motivated to examine whether Malaysian investors are driven towards SRI and the factors that influence this investment behaviour. A survey-based approach was utilized to collect data from approximately 202 investors in Malaysia, assuring a varied representation of various demographics. Using Google forms, the data was collected from various investor portals, for instance, the Facebook Investor Club, allowing for a thorough examination of SRI intentions and the factors that affect it. To analyze the data and measure the relationships between the constructs in the model, the IBM SPSS Statistics software and the Smart partial least squares-structural equation modelling was deployed. The findings show that moral norms, environmental concerns, and financial knowledge meaningfully clarify investors intention towards SRI, while attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and perceived performance failed to explain this intention. These findings have important implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and other stakeholders working to promote sustainable investment practices in Malaysia.
Behavioral Modeling of Retail Investment Decisions in Malaysia: Toward an Ethically Integrated Knowledge Framework
This study aimed to model the investment decision-making behavior of retail investors in Malaysia, addressing the increasingly important role these investors play in the financial market. To gather relevant data, a comprehensive questionnaire was administered, resulting in a sample size of 255 respondents, ensuring a robust representation of retail investor perspectives. The analysis utilized descriptive analysis to outline the characteristics of the respondents, followed by correlation analysis to explore the relationships among various influencing factors, and multiple regression analysis to determine the extent of their impact on investment decision-making. The findings revealed that several key factors significantly influence the investment behaviors of retail investors. Specifically, capital gains, cash dividends, and recommendations from trusted advocates were found to have a strong positive influence on the decision-making process. This underscores the importance of financial returns and social validation in the investment choices made by these individuals. Conversely, the study also indicated that the firm image does not have a considerable impact on the behavior of retail investors, suggesting that investors may prioritize immediate financial incentives and personal recommendations over corporate reputation.This research contributes valuable insights into the preferences and motivations of retail investors in Malaysia, providing essential information for financial advisors, policymakers, and firms aiming to engage effectively with this segment of the market. Understanding these behavioral factors can enhance practices within the investment community and foster a more supportive environment for retail investors.
সূরা আর-রাহমান-এ মহাকর্ষ, ওজোন স্তর এবং বৈজ্ঞানিক তথ্য (Gravitation, Ozone Layer and Scientific Information in Surah Ar-Rahman
The word ‘nazm’which is mentioned in surah Ar Rahman at verse 06 is mass controversial, that, is it stars or grassiness ? And various interpreters have interpreted the word ‘mizan’ in various ways which is mentioned at verse 55:07 as scales, gold scales, scales of righteousness, scales of standard, justice and balance etc. And if it is discussed about general measurement at verse 55:09, then this would be clear irrelevant discussion of living world after that verses. I have presented my long days deep thinking, logic and strengthful document with proof to solve the complexity of verses. Revealed here in this study that the verses 05-12 in surah Rahman discussing gravitation and ozone layer, the most two significant subjects of physics but not about scales related to measurement .
Sardar, Ziauddin, Jordi Serra, Scott Jordan. Muslim Societies in Postnormal Times: Foresights for Trends, Emerging Issues and Scenarios. Forward by IIIT London Office. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), in Cooperation with Centre for Postn
Islam: A Solidarity Factor in West African History
The purpose of this paper is to refute the prevailing notion that Islam serves as a disunity factor in West African history. The concept of Islamic solidarity could be traced to the decision of the Prophet to send the first group of his Companions to the Negus, the King of Abyssinia and the receptive disposition of the Negus during the Islamic theological stage. Later, in the city of Medina Islam began to promote a triple ideological outlook with practical socio-economic and political solutions to the world. The paper has adopted a theoretical arm-chair research approach. The concept of Islam as a solidarity factor in West African history has been examined at two main levels: solidarity against Western secular ideology as a force of decolonization and as a force of de-neo-colonization. It focuses on the sufi experience in the Senegambia Region, critically looking into three main forms of resistance: The Umar al-Futio and Maba Jakhou’s militant, the Bamba’s Muridi confrontational servitude and the Tijaniyyah pacific intellectual approach. It concludes that even though a militant approach was used in promoting the Islamic beliefs, the mechanism later settled on three sufi basic principles of education, daarah, mosque, Jakkah, and farming, tool.
Questioning Questions - Should Questions be Used as a Learning Tool?
Given scientific knowledge of the effect of questions on the brain and the theory of constructivism, methodological questions arise: for example, why, when and how should questions be asked? To help find answers, the literature review additionally included a study of holy scriptures to create a basic data model of how questions can aid learning. The model proposes using questions as a knowledge access and linking tool rather than just a formative and summative assessment tool. Using the model a lesson plan was developed to help n = 394 tertiary level teachers to question their personal classroom questioning methodologies. Thematic analysis of participants’ responses indicated a willingness to carry the learning into their classrooms. The implications of the pilot study should be tested further, especially in STEAM courses. Teachers who are already interactive in class would immediately find this study useful.
পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামের ক্ষুদ্র জাতিসত্তার কবিতার ধারা
বৈশিষ্ট্যপূর্ণ ভৌগোলিক অবস্থানের কারণে পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম অরণ্য ও পাহাড়ের সমবায়ে গড়ে উঠেছে। এখানে চলমান নগরায়নের ছোঁয়া লাগলেও অধিকাংশ ক্ষুদ্র জনগোষ্ঠী তাদের প্রকৃতিলালিত ঐতিহ্যবাহী ও পরম্পরাগত জীবনধারাকে বহন করে চলেছে আজও। ফলত এ জীবনের প্রতিভাস তাদের গীতিগুচ্ছ ও কবিতায় খুব স্বাভাবিক দাবিতেই অস্তিত্ববান। বলাবাহুল্য অস্তিত্বের এই সৌন্দর্য এখানকার প্রাকৃতিক বাস্তবতার অভিনড়ব প্রকাশক ও উদ্দীপক। এখানকার প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্য যেমন মনোমুগ্ধকর, তেমনই সুন্দর এখানকার আধিবাসীদের ঐতিহ্যবহনকারী বর্ণাঢ্য সংস্কৃতি, যার প্রভাব চিন্তনে ও মননে পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামবাসীদের হৃদয় জুড়ে রয়েছে। তাই স্বাভাবিকভাবে সে প্রভাব পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামের সাহিত্যক্ষেত্রে, বিশেষত কবিতায় ছড়িয়ে রয়েছে। পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামের প্রকৃতির লাবণ্যমাখা কবিতার সৌরভ বাংলাদেশের সাহিত্যের বৃহত্তর অঙ্গনের সাথে নিবিড়ভাবে সম্পৃক্ত হওয়া প্রয়োজন। সময়ের পরিμমায় কাব্যচর্চায় এ অঞ্চলের মানুষেরা বুনোফুলের মতো গোপনে কিংবা আড়ালে সৌরভ ছড়িয়েছে। ভিনড়ব ভিনড়ব ভাষার এগারোটি জাতিসত্তার মানুষ কবিতার ভাষায় নিজেদের প্রকাশের ক্ষেত্রে প্রয়োগ করেছে সহজ-সরল জীবনবোধের পাঠ। এই সব জনগোষ্ঠীর সংস্কৃতিকে যথাযথভাবে লালন ও রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ করতে পারলে বিশ্বের মানচিত্রে বাংলাদেশ সংস্কৃতির উর্বর ক্ষেত্রে পরিণত হবে, তাতে কোনো সন্দেহ নেই। আর কবিতাপ্রেমী মানুষেরা খুঁজে পাবে ভালোলাগার নতুন ঠিকানা। পার্বত্য অঞ্চলের কবিদের আবেগ, অনুভূতি, ইচ্ছাগুলো বৃহত্তর পরিসরে উপস্থাপনের একটি প্রচেষ্টা বর্তমান নিবন্ধের অন্যতম উদ্দেশ্য।
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[The Prophet’s Pulpit: Commentaries on the State of Islam (Volume 1), by K. A. El Fadl].
Navigating Through Poverty and Pandemic: A Case Study on a Destitute Religious Institution in Bangladesh
In a pandemic situation every social system suffers, and weak institutions become shattered. Like many other institutions, religious ones have also suffered in last couple of years of COVID-19 pandemic. A rural Bangladeshi religious unit, Nawdabash Madrasa and Orphanage, the madrasa having 120 students and the orphanage sheltering 84 orphans. It was already impoverished in pre pandemic period suffering and struggling to fulfill its basic needs. It was fearing being totally shattered and permanently closed down at the start of COVID-19. However, it did not actually perish. Rather, it made progress in achieving fulfillment of basic needs for its orphans and run the madrasa for its students. It could also strive towards making the achievements sustainable. This paper investigates their struggle towards better days and how it was successfully done which was no less than a miracle.
A Pedagogical Appraisal of the Higher Secondary Textbook of Bangladesh for Teaching Listening and Speaking Skills
Textbook evaluation is essential to determine whether the text is standard enough to achieve the teaching objectives. The researcher used the qualitative research method to collect data for this study to investigate the suitability of the textbook of Higher Secondary Level in Bangladesh for teaching listening and speaking skills. Based on the internal evaluation criteria (MacDonough & Shaw, 2013) of the text and semi-structured interviews with eight teachers, the findings reveal that the book includes inadequate lessons and inappropriate activities for improving learners’ listening skills. However, the study finds the book satisfactory for teaching speaking skills with suitable lessons and activities, although there is still room for improvement in the text by including more diverse speaking activities.
Issues of Company Board: Case of Spanish Firm
Spanish firms are well reputed for high level of corporate governance practices. Earlier studies have examined Spanish firm performance based on the causal relationship of board characteristics. However, the number of studies which examines the tenure of independent board members and number of board meetings are scarce. This study examines Spanish firm performances examining the board characteristics. A balanced panel data of a total of 805 listed companies are examined, which includes all economic sectors. Random effect model is applied to examine the causal relationship. The study suggests, board size has a favorable correlation with accounting-based performance (ROA, ROE), but it doesn’t go hand in hand with market-based performance (TQ). Tenure of independent directors have a positive relationship with both accounting and market-based performance. On the other hand, the number of board meetings has a negative acquaintance with both accounting and market-based performance of the firms. This research reveals a board’s inefficiencies that lead to poor firm performance, as well as what significant changes could be made to improve it. This study is based on all economic sectors, which implies that the results are equally representative of all. Policymakers, managers, and investors should consider the following implications: a significant positive relationship between board size and board tenure on firm financial performance suggests that institutional investors in emerging markets, particularly Spain, are paying attention to board activities.
Keywords: Board size; tenure of independent board member; number of board meetings; firm performance.